Project 6x: Making a Domain Name and Using Cloudflare (15 pts.)

What You Need

Purpose

Learn how DNS works by registering a domain and protecting it with CloudFlare.

WARNING

Dot-TK is free, and sometimes it's down. It was down for about a week, and didn't update DNS records, in Nov. 2016. If that happens again, this project might be difficult or impossible, depending on how terrible their service is when you do it.

One way to make the project faster is to pay money for a real domain, such as a .info, from a real domain registrar like 1and1 or godaddy.

Getting a Free .TK Domain Name

Go to http://www.dot.tk/en/index.html?lang=en

Enter a domain name containing your name, such as YOURNAME-CNIT40, as shown below. (Use CNIT40 instead of CNIT106.).

Click Go.

If your name is already taken, keep trying names till you find an unused one.

On the next page, click "Use DNS".

Enter 159.203.238.50 in both "IP address" fields, as shown below.

(This is one of my servers--I chose it just so something visible would appear in a browser. If you have a Web page, feel free to use the real address of your Web page instead.)

Fill in the CAPTCHA, and, at the bottom, click Sign up.

Clear the "Share your new domain" check box.

At the bottom of the page, click the green "email address" link.

Enter your email address and click Next.

Enter a password and name when prompted to and click "Create Account".

Fill in the form, as shown below. Don't enter a password you use anywhere else here, it's sent in plaintext.

Click the "Create Account" button.

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Open your email and click on the link.

Enter the confirmation code from the email message.

You see a message saying "Thank you for registering your domain name", as shown below.

Viewing Your Domain's Default Web Page

In a Web browser, go to your domain, which will be something like YOURNAME-CNIT40.TK (Use CNIT40 instead of CNIT 106.)

You may see a page, or or you may get an error message like the one below, because the DNS records have not yet updated.

Viewing DNS Propagation

In a Web browser, go to

Http://Www.Whatsmydns.Net/

Enter your domain name, which should be something like YOURNAME-CNIT40.TK in the box and click the Search button.

You should see that some of the global servers now know about your domain, but probably not all of them, as shown below.

If none of the servers know about your domain, you need to wait. When I did it, in Nov. 2016, I had to wait 5 days.

Saving a Screen Image

Make sure you can see a domain name containing your name, and that at least one server has found its IP address, as shown above.

On your keyboard, press the PrntScrn key.

Click Start, type in PAINT, and open Paint.

Press Ctrl+V to paste in the image of your desktop.

YOU MUST SUBMIT WHOLE-DESKTOP IMAGES TO GET FULL CREDIT.

Save the image with a filename of "Proj 6xa from YOUR NAME".

Finding Your SOA Servers

Every domain has special servers that are authoritative over that domain. All other DNS servers copy the information from the SOA servers.

To find your SOA servers, in the whatsmydns.net page, change the query from A to SOA, as shown below.

Enter your domain name, which should be something like YOURNAME-CNIT40.TK and click Search.

You should see that your SOA servers are in the DOT.tk domain, as shown below.

Cloudflare

Your domain is working, but it is vulnerable to DoS attacks. Cloudflare is a free reverse proxy service that protects your Web server from attacks. It also makes your page load faster.

In a browser, go to http://cloudflare.com

At the upper right, click "Sign up".

Fill in the form, as shown below, and click the "Create account now" button.

On the next page. enter your domain name, as shown below.

Click the "Scan DNS Records" button.

Wait while a little video plays.

When the green Continue button appears art the lower right, click it.

The next page is titled "Verify That All Of Your DNS Records Are Listed Below".

At the bottom of the page, two DNS records are listed,as shown below.

Notice the yellow cloud icon next to your domain records. This indicates that they will be protected by Cloudflare.

Click the green Continue button.

On the next page, select the free plan, as shown below, and click the green Continue button.

The next page tells you to update your nameservers, as shown below.

Leave this page open. You will need this information later.

Updating your SOA Nameservers

This is an adjustment that must be changed at your domain name registrar, which is Dot.tk.

Open a new browser tab and go to

http://my.dot.tk

Log in with the credentials you chose previously in this project.

The "freenom" page opens. Click Services, "My Domains", as shown below.

On the "My Domains" page, on the right side, click "Manage Domain", as shown below.

On the next page, click "Management Tools", Nameservers, as shown below.

On the next page, click the "Use custom nameservers (enter below)" button, and adjust the nameservers as you were instructed to by cloudflare. The final result should be similar to the image shown below.

Click the "Change Nameservers" button. Return to the Cloudflare page and click the green Continue button.

Finding Your A Records

Return to the http://whatsmydns.net page.

Enter your domain name, select a search of A, and click the blue Search button.

You should see two IPv4 records for your domain, both different from the IPv4 address you saw previously.

These are reverse proxy servers controlled by Cloudflare. No user will directly connect to your webserver anymore--all traffic passes through Cloudflare first.

Finding Your SOA Servers

In the whatsmydns.net page, change the query from A to SOA, as shown below, and click Search.

You should see that your SOA servers are now cloudflare.com servers, as shown below.

Saving a Screen Image

Make sure you can see cloudflare.com servers, as shown above.

On your keyboard, press the PrntScrn key.

Click Start, type in PAINT, and open Paint.

Press Ctrl+V to paste in the image of your desktop.

YOU MUST SUBMIT WHOLE-DESKTOP IMAGES TO GET FULL CREDIT.

Save the image with a filename of "Proj 6xb from YOUR NAME".

Turning in Your Project

Email the images to: cnit.40@gmail.com with a subject line of Proj 6x From Your Name, replacing Your Name with your own first and last name. Send a Cc to yourself.

Last Updated: 11-22-16
email fixed 12-5-18